{"id":1670,"date":"2023-02-27T13:34:02","date_gmt":"2023-02-27T13:34:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/?p=1670"},"modified":"2023-10-24T14:33:08","modified_gmt":"2023-10-24T14:33:08","slug":"la-theorie-des-noeuds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/la-theorie-des-noeuds\/","title":{"rendered":"La th\u00e9orie des n\u0153uds"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1670\" class=\"elementor elementor-1670\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7501736 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7501736\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7f472e\" data-id=\"e7f472e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43c8f55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43c8f55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>On raconte que le math\u00e9maticien Vaughan Jones (1952\u20132020), conf\u00e9rencier d\u2019honneur au Palais Corsini de Rome, est mont\u00e9 sur sc\u00e8ne, s\u2019est allum\u00e9 un cigare et s\u2019est mis \u00e0 faire des ronds de boucane. C\u2019\u00e9tait un clin d\u2019\u0153il \u00e0 Peter Guthrie Tait, un des pionniers de la th\u00e9orie des n\u0153uds au 19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle. Ce dernier avait \u00e9t\u00e9 fascin\u00e9 par les cercles mouvants de fum\u00e9e et s\u2019en \u00e9tait inspir\u00e9 pour \u00e9laborer sa th\u00e9orie des n\u0153uds.<\/p><p>Le n\u0153ud en math\u00e9matiques est tr\u00e8s similaire au n\u0153ud familier. Il en a les croisements et la souplesse. Toutefois, les extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s du n\u0153ud math\u00e9matique doivent \u00eatre fusionn\u00e9es, de sorte que le n\u0153ud ne peut pas se d\u00e9faire. On a aussi invent\u00e9 le non-n\u0153ud, ou n\u0153ud trivial, qui n\u2019est en fait qu\u2019un anneau. Tout comme le z\u00e9ro en math\u00e9matique, il est n\u00e9cessaire dans les calculs.<\/p><p>Depuis longtemps les math\u00e9maticiens et math\u00e9maticiennes se butent aux distorsions d\u2019un n\u0153ud. Comme il est souple, on peut le manipuler jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019il soit totalement m\u00e9connaissable. On peut facilement retrouver la forme initiale d\u2019un n\u0153ud \u00e0 3 croisements mais pas d\u2019un n\u0153ud \u00e0 10 croisements. On a trouv\u00e9 des fa\u00e7ons de les trier, de les classifier, mais ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas suffisant. Il fallait un moyen de d\u00e9finir un n\u0153ud, peu importe sa configuration. Il fallait identifier les <em>invariants<\/em>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire ce qui ne change pas dans un n\u0153ud malgr\u00e9 les distorsions.<\/p><p>Les polyn\u00f4mes de Jones d\u00e9finissent les n\u0153uds et ce faisant ont amen\u00e9 la th\u00e9orie des n\u0153uds dans une tout autre direction.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4008c3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4008c3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quelques exemples des polyn\u00f4mes de Jones<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-dbd90f9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dbd90f9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-865e8bf\" data-id=\"865e8bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc11127 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc11127\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le non-n\u0153ud<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab3839c\" data-id=\"ab3839c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f905e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9f905e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/elementor\/thumbs\/non-noeud2-rlf428ouhycsodsknr2fqmzkztk2c9b3l75byw762c.jpg\" title=\"non-noeud2\" alt=\"Noeud trivial\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 50px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 50\/50;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b66d0f\" data-id=\"4b66d0f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fabb74f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fabb74f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"433\" height=\"49\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-non-noeud.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1682 lazyload\" alt=\"Polyn\u00f4me du non-noeud\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-non-noeud.jpg 433w, https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-non-noeud-300x34.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 433px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 433\/49;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-255b452 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"255b452\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-59b1f6f\" data-id=\"59b1f6f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a20af22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a20af22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le n\u0153ud de tr\u00e8fle<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f782c12\" data-id=\"f782c12\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f87a77a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f87a77a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/elementor\/thumbs\/noeud-trefle-2-rlf428ouhycsodsknr2fqmzkztk2c9b3l75byw762c.jpg\" title=\"noeud-trefle-2\" alt=\"Noeud de tr\u00e8fle\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 50px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 50\/50;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd9331d\" data-id=\"fd9331d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ade881 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4ade881\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"433\" height=\"57\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-trefle.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1685 lazyload\" alt=\"Polyn\u00f4me du noeud de tr\u00e8fle\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-trefle.jpg 433w, https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-trefle-300x39.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 433px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 433\/57;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-951fab5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"951fab5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ee515e5\" data-id=\"ee515e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-900743b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"900743b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le n\u0153ud en huit<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ae469df\" data-id=\"ae469df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c70f7e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c70f7e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/elementor\/thumbs\/n-huit-2-rlf428ouhycsodsknr2fqmzkztk2c9b3l75byw75v4.jpg\" title=\"n-huit-2\" alt=\"Noeud en huit\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 50px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 50\/24;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d64fb01\" data-id=\"d64fb01\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-255c037 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"255c037\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"433\" height=\"54\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-huit.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1681 lazyload\" alt=\"Polyn\u00f4me du noeud en hui\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-huit.jpg 433w, https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-huit-300x37.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 433px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 433\/54;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-55215b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"55215b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c3bfe3\" data-id=\"3c3bfe3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a215fc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a215fc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le n\u0153ud pentacle, ou d\u2019\u00e9toile<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a9004a\" data-id=\"6a9004a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8a370e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d8a370e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/elementor\/thumbs\/n-pentacle-2-rlf428ouhycsodsknr2fqmzkztk2c9b3l75byw762c.jpg\" title=\"n-pentacle-2\" alt=\"Noeud pentacle\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 50px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 50\/50;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ab811f\" data-id=\"4ab811f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c120698 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c120698\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"433\" height=\"54\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-pentacle.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1683 lazyload\" alt=\"Polyn\u00f4me du noeud pentacle\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-pentacle.jpg 433w, https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-pentacle-300x37.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 433px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 433\/54;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5f06bef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5f06bef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4e4b2ce\" data-id=\"4e4b2ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e78847 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e78847\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le n\u0153ud de vache, bouts li\u00e9s<br><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d682376\" data-id=\"d682376\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5650a86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5650a86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/elementor\/thumbs\/640px-Math-granny-knot-6crossings2-rlf428ouhycsodsknr2fqmzkztk2c9b3l75byw75y6.jpg\" title=\"640px-Math-granny-knot-6crossings2\" alt=\"Noeud de vache\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 50px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 50\/35;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b99bbe\" data-id=\"8b99bbe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8535bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d8535bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"433\" height=\"60\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-vache.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1686 lazyload\" alt=\"Polyn\u00f4me du noeud de vache\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-vache.jpg 433w, https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-vache-300x42.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 433px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 433\/60;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-db1df93 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db1df93\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-932c2d1\" data-id=\"932c2d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54ab024 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54ab024\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le n\u0153ud plat, bouts li\u00e9s<br><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-82c747b\" data-id=\"82c747b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57be9ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"57be9ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/elementor\/thumbs\/640px-Math-square-knot-6crossings2-rlf428ouhycsodsknr2fqmzkztk2c9b3l75byw75y6.jpg\" title=\"640px-Math-square-knot-6crossings2\" alt=\"Noeud plat\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 50px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 50\/35;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d8c546\" data-id=\"6d8c546\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a95ece elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2a95ece\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"433\" height=\"54\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-plat.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1684 lazyload\" alt=\"Polyn\u00f4me du noeud plat\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-plat.jpg 433w, https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/n-plat-300x37.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 433px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 433\/54;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1860415 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1860415\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-66fcc65\" data-id=\"66fcc65\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dde14bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dde14bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La \u00a0th\u00e9orie des n\u0153uds peut nous appara\u00eetre comme un passe-temps, un loisir de math\u00e9maticien, mais loin de l\u00e0. Les math\u00e9matiques ont id\u00e9alis\u00e9 le n\u0153ud en le d\u00e9finissant comme une courbe ferm\u00e9e dans l\u2019espace. La porte \u00e9tait ouverte \u00e0 des applications plus vastes, dans d\u2019autres sph\u00e8res scientifiques.<\/p><p>Vaughan Jones est un g\u00e9ant dans l\u2019histoire des math\u00e9matiques. Ses travaux ont permis de faire le pont entre les n\u0153uds et la physique quantique. Les polyn\u00f4mes de Jones peuvent s\u2019appliquer au comportement des particules anyons. Ils serviront peut-\u00eatre \u00e0 construire les futurs ordinateurs quantiques. Les vieux marins n\u2019y croiraient rien.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a647f8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6a647f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6da26b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a6da26b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prochainement\u2026<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6068736 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6068736\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-53856ad\" data-id=\"53856ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229af88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"229af88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/billiards-g09a104e93_1200-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1697 lazyload\" alt=\"Table de billard\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/billiards-g09a104e93_1200-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/billiards-g09a104e93_1200-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/billiards-g09a104e93_1200-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/02\/billiards-g09a104e93_1200.jpg 1200w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/534;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-25e276d\" data-id=\"25e276d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-571f58f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"571f58f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00c0 la recherche d\u2019un nom pour le bonnet turc, suite et fin.<\/p><p>O\u00f9 les math\u00e9matiques, le billard et les noeuds tubulaires se rencontrent.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-637e02f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"637e02f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-26f1e7d6\" data-id=\"26f1e7d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5203fb11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5203fb11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Rolfsen Knot Table Mosaic, <a href=\"http:\/\/katlas.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\">The Knot Atlas<\/a>. Cette base de donn\u00e9es de la th\u00e9orie math\u00e9matique des noeuds est maintenue par l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Toronto. C&rsquo;est un wiki collaboratif dans l\u2019esprit de Wikipedia.<br \/>Les n\u0153uds y sont class\u00e9s par le nombre de croisements. Dans le tableau on montre les n\u0153uds de 0 \u00e0 10 croisements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b7c619f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b7c619f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pour vous divertir, une vid\u00e9o tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressante de Micka\u00ebl Launay: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gz-MN3s-jcQ\">Une \u00e9nigme de 50 ans r\u00e9solue : le n\u0153ud de Conway n&rsquo;est pas bordant.<\/a><br \/>Il doit expliquer la th\u00e9orie des n\u0153uds avant de parler du n\u0153ud de Conway, un n\u0153ud r\u00e9calcitrant qu&rsquo;une math\u00e9maticienne, Lisa Piccirillo, a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre en quelques soir\u00e9es.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ef5bb99 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ef5bb99\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d54d109\" data-id=\"d54d109\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>J\u2019aurais pu choisir une image plus s\u00e9duisante, \u00abmais coudon, faudra faire avec\u00bb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1672,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","disable_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[109],"tags":[50,14,19],"taxon-du-petit-parc":[46],"class_list":["post-1670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noeuds","tag-mathematiques","tag-noeud","tag-noeuds","taxon-du-petit-parc-metiers"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1670"}],"version-history":[{"count":55,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2115,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1670\/revisions\/2115"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1670"},{"taxonomy":"taxon-du-petit-parc","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/jean-pierre-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taxon-du-petit-parc?post=1670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}