{"id":98,"date":"2024-07-07T08:30:14","date_gmt":"2024-07-07T12:30:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/bytchello\/?p=98"},"modified":"2026-02-08T17:24:13","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T22:24:13","slug":"lincidence-de-la-punition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/bytchello\/2024\/07\/07\/lincidence-de-la-punition\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019incidence de la punition"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/bytchello\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2025\/07\/BP_Petit-Parc-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"The current image has no alternative text. The file name is: BP_Petit-Parc.jpg\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 150px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 150\/150;width:146px;height:auto\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La punition peut se d\u00e9finir comme \u00e9tant la proc\u00e9dure ayant pour effet de supprimer un comportement ou d\u2019en diminuer la fr\u00e9quence d\u2019apparition. Elle peut \u00eatre positive ou n\u00e9gative (Parent et Cloutier, 2013, p. 168).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La s\u00e9quence type d\u2019une proc\u00e9dure de punition positive et de punition n\u00e9gative se termine de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on&nbsp;: il y a diminution de la r\u00e9ponse dans les deux situations, mais cette diminution est due \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sentation d\u2019un stimulus d\u00e9sagr\u00e9able dans le premier cas (punition positive) et au retrait d\u2019un stimulus agr\u00e9able dans le second (Parent et Cloutier, 2013, p. 169).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les exemples de punitions positives et n\u00e9gatives sont tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quents dans la vie courante. Un parent qui r\u00e9primande son enfant et lui inflige une <strong>punition positive<\/strong> (pr\u00e9sentation d\u2019un stimulus d\u00e9sagr\u00e9able). Un autre qui prive son adolescent d\u2019une sortie r\u00e9cr\u00e9ative avec ses amis lui donne une <strong>punition n\u00e9gative<\/strong> (retrait d\u2019un stimulus agr\u00e9able).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Que la punition soit positive ou n\u00e9gative, elle a un caract\u00e8re d\u2019agression. \u00c0 cet \u00e9gard, il y a lieu de se demander si elle produit toujours des r\u00e9sultats escompt\u00e9s, quelle que soit la forme (positive ou n\u00e9gative) sous laquelle elle s\u2019emploie. D\u2019apr\u00e8s de nombreuses \u00e9tudes de laboratoire sur le sujet, la r\u00e9ponse est loin d\u2019\u00eatre affirmative et son efficacit\u00e9 fait encore l\u2019objet de travaux de recherches et de d\u00e9bats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Outre le fait qu\u2019elle a rarement les effets escompt\u00e9s, la punition comporte les m\u00e9faits suivants&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Le mensonge<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour \u00e9viter la punition, l\u2019\u00eatre humain semble spontan\u00e9ment port\u00e9 \u00e0 mentir. Et comme on peut facilement le deviner, les autres se m\u00e9fient d\u2019une personne qui a contract\u00e9 la mauvaise habitude de mentir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Des r\u00e9troactions ind\u00e9sirables<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De l\u2019avis de Parent et Cloutier (2013), la punition entraine des r\u00e9actions ind\u00e9sirables. \u00c0 court terme, et m\u00eame au moment de son application, elle peut induire des manifestations de col\u00e8re telles que des protestations verbales et des gestes violents\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Des probl\u00e8mes \u00e9motionnels et de d\u00e9pendance<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans une recherche \u00e0 long terme, Cox et Sareen (2006) ont constat\u00e9 que les individus qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019objet de ch\u00e2timents corporels fr\u00e9quents lorsqu\u2019ils \u00e9taient plus jeunes ont plus de risques d\u2019\u00e9prouver, une fois adultes, des probl\u00e8mes de d\u00e9pression et de d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l\u2019alcool ainsi que des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 ext\u00e9rioriser leurs sentiments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Aucune information sur le comportement souhait\u00e9<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si le renforcement positif informe le sujet que le comportement adopt\u00e9 est d\u00e9sir\u00e9, la punition (positive ou n\u00e9gative), quant \u00e0 elle, donne z\u00e9ro information sur le comportement souhait\u00e9. Tout ce que le sujet obtient comme information est une agression, qui le \u00ab blesse \u00bb psychologiquement ou physiquement et lui rappelle qu\u2019il a fait quelque chose de mal ou que son comportement est loin d\u2019\u00eatre souhaitable, sans l\u2019informer sur ce qui est attendu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ab La chose la plus r\u00e9pugnante pour moi est le fouet ; c\u2019est l\u00e0 une punition basse et servile, avilissant au lieu de corriger, produisant l\u2019endurcissement au lieu d\u2019amender. Le fouet est la limite extr\u00eame de la punition. Que restera-t-il pour un \u00e2ge o\u00f9 le fouet est impossible ? \u00bb (Quintilien).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En conclusion, les recherches faites sur la punition d\u00e9montrent que cette derni\u00e8re est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement moins efficace que le renforcement positif, qui est la proc\u00e9dure ayant pour effet d\u2019augmenter la fr\u00e9quence d\u2019apparition d\u2019une r\u00e9ponse. Bref, <strong>il se peut qu\u2019on se punisse soi-m\u00eame en punissant <\/strong>(<em>Un Nous \u00e0 nu<\/em>, 2024, p. 212).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bytchello Pr\u00e9vil<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Site Internet\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.0faute.org\">www.0faute.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ressource et\/ou r\u00e9f\u00e9rence\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/leseditionsdelapotheose.com\/boutique\/fr\/marie-claude-allard\/un-nous-a-nu-marie-claude-allard-et-bytchello-previl-p2475\/?tag=roman&amp;sort=p.model&amp;order=DESC&amp;limit=100\">https:\/\/leseditionsdelapotheose.com\/boutique\/fr\/marie-claude-allard\/un-nous-a-nu-marie-claude-allard-et-bytchello-previl-p2475\/?tag=roman&amp;sort=p.model&amp;order=DESC&amp;limit=100<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La punition peut se d\u00e9finir comme \u00e9tant la proc\u00e9dure ayant pour effet de supprimer un comportement ou d\u2019en diminuer la fr\u00e9quence d\u2019apparition. Elle peut \u00eatre positive ou n\u00e9gative (Parent et Cloutier, 2013, p. 168). La s\u00e9quence type d\u2019une proc\u00e9dure de punition positive et de punition n\u00e9gative se termine de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on&nbsp;: il y a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":290,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"taxon-du-petit-parc":[],"class_list":["post-98","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classe"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/bytchello\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/bytchello\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/bytchello\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/bytchello\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/bytchello\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/bytchello\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":469,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/bytchello\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98\/revisions\/469"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/bytchello\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/290"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/bytchello\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/bytchello\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/bytchello\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98"},{"taxonomy":"taxon-du-petit-parc","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lepetitparc.ca\/bytchello\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taxon-du-petit-parc?post=98"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}